feathers and a neck clearly visible and again free from frilling. The mantle is neat and nicely proportioned and without the additional tufting extending down to the rump as in the Parisian. In position it is less erect than the Southern Dutch Frill but nevertheless stands well up with the legs not too bent.
History
All frilled varieties appear to have had common origin in an old Dutch breed of canary in the eighteenth century. In the early days they were known simply by the general term of “Dutch” canaries, but during the nineteenth century, developments took place in various parts of the continent resulting in several distinct breeds. Originally, the only four breeds were recognized by the C.O.M.: Parisian Frill, North Dutch Frill, South Dutch Frill and Gibber Italicus. Today, the C.O.M recognizes most of the Old Varieties.
suitably mated, may still produce good birds.
Moulting
Frilled canaries present no particular problems at molting time and do not need to be color fed for exhibition.
Showing
In this country all frilled breeds can be shown in one type of show cage. This is similar in design to that of the Yorkshire but with a flat top instead of a rounded one. Frilled canaries need a certain amount of show training in order to be steady and hold themselves up well before the judge.
Northern Dutch Frill Canary
Standard & Scale of Points
Legs and Feet: Long thighs, normally feathered, legs not too bent................................10 points
Head and Neck: Slightly raised, small and without frills...................................................15 points
Size: About 17 centimeters (7.25 inches)............................................................................10 points
Mantle: Symmetrical, well proportioned, without any additional frilling.......................15 points
Flank: Full, bulky, even, rising towards the shoulders.......................................................15 points
Breast: Frills symmetrical and complete.............................................................................15 points
Condition: Healthy, clean and entire...................................................................................10 points
Plumage: Frills undamaged and symmetrical....................................................................10 points
Total 100 points
Northern Dutch Frill
This breed is often taken for a smaller version of the Parisian Frill, and further difficulties arise from the fact that the two breeds have frequently been crossed so that many birds intermediate in character are in existence.
The Northern Dutch Frill has several features which differentiate it from the Parisian. It is a much smaller bird of about 17 centimeters in length and is much less densely feathered. Too heavy frilling is a fault and greater importance should be attached to the regularity and the symmetry of the frills. It has a small, neat head without any curled
Breeding
Frilled canaries are not usually difficult to breed. Some strains being particularly vigorous and free, although as with all canaries, some indifferent breeders are to be found and often with a tendency towards being poor feeders.
Mating
Few breeders in this country have had any lengthy experience with these breeds and detailed information on mating, based on practical experience, is thus lacking. The generally accepted principles of livestock breeding should therefore be applied by mating together the best birds which conform most closely to the required standard. It should also be remembered that even those which do not quite come up to the standard, if well-bred and